🏗️ 23-POINT FOUNDATION SAFETY CHECKLIST

 

🏗️ 23-POINT FOUNDATION SAFETY CHECKLIST

After managing 200+ construction projects worth over ₹200 Crores, I've developed this comprehensive foundation safety protocol. Every point in this checklist is based on real-world failures and their solutions

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⚠️ CRITICAL WARNING

Foundation problems don't show symptoms until it's too late and too expensive to fix. Prevention is the ONLY solution

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📋PHASE 1: PRE-INVESTIGATION CHECK

      1.  Site History Investigation                                                           (Critical)

Check previous land use, water logging history, nearby construction failures. Interview local residents and examine old Google Earth images

      2. Groundwater Table Study                                                       (Critical)

Determine seasonal water table variations, monsoon impact, and drainage patterns. Check for underground streams or springs.

      3. Seismic Zone Classification                                                   (High)

Verify earthquake zone as per IS 1893, check local seismic history, and assess liquefaction potential of soil

        4. Adjacent Structure Analysis                                                  (High)

Study neighboring buildings' foundation systems, check for differential settlement signs, assess impact of new construction on existing structures.

         5. Utility Line Mapping                                                               (Medium)

Locate underground utilities (water, sewer, gas, electrical) to avoid conflicts with foundation design and construction.

         6. Access and Logistics Planning                                              (Medium)

Plan excavation equipment access, material delivery routes, and dewatering system requirements.

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🔬PHASE 2: SOIL INVESTIGATION & TESTING

      7. Adequate Boring Depth                                                          (Critical)

Ensure boring depth is minimum 1.5 times the foundation width or until hard strata. For high-rise: minimum 30m depth.

       8. Sufficient Boring Points                                                         (Critical)

Minimum 1 boring per 300 sq.m area. For irregular plots: additional borings at corners and potential high-load locations.

       9. Standard Penetration Test (SPT)                                           (Critical)

SPT at every 1.5m depth intervals. Correlate N-values with bearing capacity using multiple empirical relations.

       10.  Laboratory Test Verification                                                  (High)

Conduct grain size analysis, liquid limit, plastic limit, compaction test, and consolidation test on representative samples.

       11.  Chemical Analysis of Soil & Water                                        (High)

Test for chloride, sulfate, pH levels to assess concrete durability and potential chemical attack on foundation.

            12.  Seasonal Variation Study                                                       (Medium)

If possible, test during both dry and wet seasons to understand soil behavior changes and swelling potential.

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📐 PHASE 3: DESIGN VERIFICATION

          13.  Load vs. Bearing Capacity Match                                          (Critical)

Verify actual structural loads ≤ Safe bearing capacity with minimum 25% safety factor. Include live load, seismic load, and wind load combinations.

                 14.  Settlement Analysis                                                               (Critical)

Calculate immediate, consolidation, and differential settlement. Ensure total settlement < 65mm and differential < 20mm.

                 15.  Foundation Type Optimization                                               (High)

Compare isolated footings vs. combined footings vs. raft foundation. Consider cost-benefit and construction complexity.

                 16.  Structural Design Validation                                                  (High)

Check foundation reinforcement design, concrete grade selection, and connection details with superstructure.

                  17.  Alternative Design Analysis                                                   (Medium)

Develop backup foundation solution (e.g., pile foundation) if soil conditions during excavation differ from investigation.

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👷 PHASE 4: CONSTRUCTION MONITORING

           18.  Excavation Depth Verification                                                (Critical)

Verify actual soil conditions match soil report at foundation level. Take photos and soil samples for record.

            19.  Foundation Level Approval                                                     (Critical)

Get written approval from structural consultant before placing foundation concrete. Document any deviations from original design.   

                  20.  Concrete Quality Control                                                        (High)

Use specified concrete grade, conduct slump test, take cube samples, ensure proper curing for minimum 28 days

                   21.  Waterproofing Implementation                                              (High)

Apply waterproof treatment as per specification, ensure proper drainage system, and test waterproofing effectiveness

                   22.  Backfilling Standards                                                             (Medium)

Use approved backfill material, compact in layers, maintain proper drainage slopes, avoid heavy machinery near foundation

                   23.  Long-term Monitoring Setup                                                 (Medium)

Install settlement markers, establish monitoring schedule, document baseline readings for future reference.

📋 Top 5 Reporting Skills Every Civil Engineer Must Learn

 

📋 Top 5 Reporting Skills Every Civil Engineer Must Learn

— The Habit That Gets You Promoted Faster

Whether you’re a fresher or an engineer with a few years of experience, there’s one powerful skill that makes you stand out: Reporting. The best engineers are not just doers — they’re communicators.

🛠️ Why Reporting Skills Are Critical:

• It shows you're organized, responsible, and technically sound.
• Project Managers depend on your reports for decisions.
• It proves your contribution on paper — useful for appraisals, audits, promotions.

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📑 The 5 Must-Know Reporting Skills:

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1. Daily Progress Report (DPR) Writing

🧱 What to Include:

• Date & site location
• Activities completed
• Manpower deployed
• Material consumption
• Issues faced

💡 Pro Tip: Use Excel templates or apps like Fieldwire or BuildSite for easy reporting.

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2. Site Photo Documentation

📸 Why It Matters:

• Visual record for quality control & billing
• Useful for client updates, claims & disputes

💡 Pro Tip: Use Google Drive or Dropbox folders labeled by date. Capture before/after shots.

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3. Material Reconciliation Reports

📦 When needed:

• At project milestones or monthly
• For billing, stock checks, or audit

💡 Pro Tip: Keep a running Excel sheet comparing material received, used, and balance — very useful during contractor billing.

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4. Manpower Utilization Logs

👷 Why:

• Labor cost tracking
• Productivity analysis
• Planning for the next day/week

💡 Pro Tip: Start your own simple format. Note worker category, hours worked, and output.

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5. Work Checklists & Quality Reports

📋 Especially useful for:

• Concrete pouring
• Brickwork
• Waterproofing
• Finishing work

💡 Pro Tip: Use checklists from IS codes or ask your seniors. Tailor it for your project.

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How AI is Changing Project Planning for Civil Engineers

 How AI is Changing Project Planning for Civil Engineers

The construction industry is undergoing a remarkable transformation, and at the heart of this change is Artificial Intelligence (AI). Having managed over 200 projects across Tamil Nadu, Bengaluru, Thiruvananthapuram, and Delhi, I have witnessed firsthand how digital tools are reshaping the way we plan and execute projects.

1. Smarter Scheduling and Resource Allocation

AI-powered tools can now analyze vast amounts of project data—timelines, resource availability, weather patterns, and even supply chain disruptions—to generate optimal project schedules. This not only reduces delays but also ensures efficient use of manpower and materials.

2. Predictive Risk Management

Traditional project planning often relies on experience and static data. Today, AI algorithms can predict potential risks by analyzing historical project outcomes, safety records, and real-time site data. This allows teams to proactively address issues before they escalate, safeguarding both budgets and timelines.

3. Enhanced Cost Estimation

Accurate cost estimation is crucial for every project’s success. AI tools can quickly process previous cost data, market trends, and material price fluctuations to deliver precise estimates. This reduces the risk of overruns and supports better decision-making for clients and contractors alike.

4. Real-Time Progress Monitoring

With AI integrated into project management software, civil engineers can receive real-time updates on project progress. Automated alerts and dashboards help identify bottlenecks, track milestones, and ensure that every phase stays on target.

5. Data-Driven Decision Making

AI transforms raw project data into actionable insights. From contractor auditing to quality control, these insights empower project managers to make informed decisions, optimize workflows, and deliver higher-quality results.

Embracing AI is no longer optional for civil engineers who want to stay competitive.
My advice to fellow professionals:

• Start exploring AI-based planning and project management platforms.
• Invest in upskilling—learn how to interpret data and leverage digital tools for better outcomes.
• Share your experiences and learnings with the community to drive industry-wide progress.

Have you implemented AI in your recent projects? What benefits or challenges have you experienced? Share your thoughts below!

Site Snafus: Navigating Common Construction Challenges with Ease

 

Site Snafus: Navigating Common Construction Challenges with Ease

Construction sites are full of activity, coordination, and the occasional challenge that can threaten to delay progress. Understanding and effectively managing these day-to-day site problems is what separates a seasoned engineer from the rest. Here’s a breakdown of some frequent issues faced on site and practical remedies to keep your project running smoothly.

Common Site Problems & Quick Remedies

1. Material Shortages or Delivery Delays

• Problem: Materials not arriving when needed can stall work, disrupt schedules, and increase costs.
• Quick Remedy: Maintain a detailed procurement schedule. Regularly track deliveries and keep open communication with suppliers. Always have a buffer of critical materials on hand for emergencies.

2. Labor Shortages or Skill Gaps

• Problem: Insufficient or inadequately trained manpower leads to poor workmanship or incomplete tasks.
• Quick Remedy: Invest in cross-training your team. Build a strong relationship with labor suppliers, and incentivize punctuality and skill development. Conduct quick toolbox talks to refresh skills on key tasks.

3. Equipment Downtime or Breakdown

• Problem: Unexpected equipment failures can halt site operations.
• Quick Remedy: Schedule regular preventive maintenance. Train staff to inspect and report minor issues before breakdowns occur. Keep a list of backup rental contacts for mission-critical equipment.

4. Weather-Related Disruptions

• Problem: Monsoon rains, high heat, or severe wind can damage materials and pose safety hazards.
• Quick Remedy: Monitor weather forecasts daily and create weather contingency plans. Protect stored materials and provide shelter. Reschedule sensitive work accordingly.

5. Drawing Errors or Ambiguities

• Problem: Misinterpretation or mistakes in drawings can result in construction errors.
• Quick Remedy: Hold pre-construction meetings with design teams. Encourage site engineers and supervisors to seek clarifications before execution. Keep a log of RFIs (Requests for Information).

6. Safety Incidents

• Problem: Lack of safety protocols may result in injuries and stoppages.
• Quick Remedy: Enforce daily safety briefings and spot checks. Make safety gear mandatory and cultivate a safety-first culture where workers look out for each other.

7. Miscommunication Between Teams

• Problem: Poor communication causes errors, rework, and low morale.
• Quick Remedy: Set up clear lines of communication using WhatsApp groups or custom project management apps. Encourage brief end-of-day huddles to align everyone.

8. Site Access and Storage Constraints

• Problem: Congested sites and insufficient storage slow down work and risk material loss.
• Quick Remedy: Plan site layouts meticulously and stagger deliveries. Use vertical storage racks and off-site storage if needed for less-urgent items.

9. Unforeseen Subsurface Conditions

• Problem: Unexpected rocks, water tables, or utility lines lead to delays.
• Quick Remedy: Conduct thorough soil investigations and utility surveys before starting. Have alternate plans for foundation or utility work.

Takeaway

Every site snafu is an opportunity to learn, but the best civil engineers use foresight, planning, and strong team communication as their main tools. Addressing problems swiftly—before they escalate—ensures projects remain on track, safe, and cost-efficient. By applying these practical remedies, you set a standard of professionalism and adaptability, inspiring your team and ensuring smoother project delivery.

The ₹3 Crore Cash Flow Crisis That Could Have Been Avoided

 

The ₹3 Crore Cash Flow Crisis That Could Have Been Avoided - A Project Manager's Nightmare"

Two days ago, I shared about material tracking. Yesterday, quality control. Today, let me tell you about the crisis that keeps project managers awake at night.

The Crisis: Cash flow paralysis in the middle of construction.

Last month, I consulted for a Pune developer whose ₹150 Cr project came to a complete halt. Workers unpaid for 6 weeks, suppliers refusing material delivery, bank loan EMIs pending.

The shocking part? The project was profitable on paper!

What Went Wrong:

• No real-time cash flow monitoring
  
  
  
• Payment collections not aligned with expenses
• Contingency funds used for "other purposes"
• No early warning system for cash crunches

The Real Cost:

• ₹3.2 Cr in idle time and penalties
• 4-month project delay
• Reputation damage worth millions
• Legal complications with buyers

My Cash Flow Formula (Used in 200+ Projects):

1. Weekly Cash Flow Reports - Know your position every 7 days
2. 30-60-90 Day Projections - Plan 3 months ahead, always
3. Collection-Expense Sync - Match payment schedules with cash needs
4. Emergency Fund Rule - 15% of project cost as untouchable reserve

The Result: Projects following my system have ZERO cash flow stoppages and complete on time.

Cash flow isn't about having money - it's about having money when you need it.

Question: Have you faced cash flow challenges in your projects? What worked for you?

The ₹50 Lakh Mistake

 The ₹50 Lakh Mistake I See in Every Big Construction Project - 35 Years of Hard Lessons

In 35 years of managing construction projects worth over ₹200 Crores, I've seen the same costly mistake repeated again and again.

The Mistake: Starting construction without proper Material Reconciliation Systems.

Last year, I audited a ₹80 Cr residential project in Chennai. The developer was shocked to discover ₹47 lakhs worth of cement and steel were "missing" from records. Not stolen - just poorly tracked.

Here's what happens:

• Materials arrive at different times
• Multiple vendors supply similar items
• No real-time tracking system
• Manual entries lead to errors
• By the time you realize, it's too late

My 3-Step Solution:

1. Digital Material Tracking - Use ERP from Day 1 (I prefer In4velocity)
2. Daily Reconciliation - 15 minutes every evening, not monthly surprises
3. Vendor Integration - Make suppliers part of your tracking system

The Result: Projects I manage typically save 8-12% on material costs through proper tracking alone.

Your project's success isn't just about quality construction - it's about knowing where every rupee goes.

Question for you: What's the biggest challenge you face in material management? Share your experience.

CONSTRUCTION PROJECT OBSTACLES

CONSTRUCTION PROJECT OBSTACLES

The construction projects are facing lot of hurdles in every stage. We can complete the projects successfully, only if we have proper plans to overcome the hurdles and risks. Here is the List of Obstacles, everyone facing in Construction Projects.

• Change of Goals

• Undefined Goals

• Poor Project Definition 

• Unrealistic Expectations (in time and Cost)

• Lack of Communication

• Inadequate Risk Management

• Inadequate Funding

• General Economic Conditions

• Materials Supply Problems

• Supplier Quality Obstacles

• Supplier Availability Difficulties

• Procurement Bottlenecks

• Hiring Barriers

• Difficulty in Meeting Performance Objectives

• Expectations Exceed Reality

• Poor Specifications

• Second Guessing Decisions

• Missing the Market Window

• Changes in Priorities

• Missing Performance Goals

• Personnel Diverted to Other Projects

• Lack of Management Support

• Lack of Customer Support

• Personality Conflicts

• Political Issues

• Intense Competition

• Committing to an Unproven Technology

• Personnel turnover

• Effects of Alternate Technologies

BASIC STEPS FOR EFFECTIVE CONSTRUCTION PLANNING

 EFFECTIVE PROJECT MANAGEMENT PLANNING PROCESS

The basic steps in the management planning process involve creating a road map that outlines each task the company must accomplish to meet its overall objectives.

1. Establish Goals. ...

2. Gathering necessary Information

3. Identify Resources. ...

4. Establish Goal-Related Tasks. ...

5. Prioritize Goals and Tasks. ...

6. Create Assignments and Timelines. ...

7. Establish Evaluation Methods.

8. Identify Alternative Courses of Action:

• Even the best-laid plans can sometimes be thrown off track by unanticipated events. A management plan should include a contingency plan if certain aspects of the master plan prove to be unattainable. Alternative courses of action can be incorporated into each segment of the planning process, or for the plan in its entirety.

9. Implementation of Plans: 

     The last and major step in planning process is the implementation part. The planning should be put into action so that business objectives may be achieved. The implementation will require establishment of policies, procedures, standards and budgets. Look for 

 •      Automation Opportunities
• Material Handling
• Duplication
• Redundancy
• Decisions
• Delays
• Rework Loops
• Non-Value Added Steps vs. Value-Added Steps

PROCESS MAPPING FOR PLANNING

RESOURCE PLANNING

• MATERIALS

• MANPOWER

• TOOLS & MACHINERY

MANPOWER

 ORGANISING THE PROJECT EXECUTION TEAM

a. Appointing Project head & technical team (HR & management)

b. Project head will form the rest of the team

c. Project head will allocate the responsibilities of staff

d. Submitting RR of staff to management

 LABOUR CONTRACTORS

a. Execution team will find out the suitable labour contractors

b. Getting quotations from labour contractors

c. Submitting quotations of contractors and get approval from management

d. Work orders with detailed specifications and rates will be prepared

e. Releasing of work order and starting the work

 SPECIALISED AGENCIES (FOR WORKS LIKE PILING, STP, ETC.)

a. Identifying the specialized works in the Project

b. Finding out the agencies, contractors or people who are doing that works

c. Getting quotation for the works

d. Submitting quotations of contractors and get approval from management

e. Work orders with detailed specifications and rates will be prepared

f. Releasing of work order and starting the work

MATERIALS

• Site infrastructure – Barrication, site office, stores, cement godown, steel yard, labour sheds, borewells, power supply, logistics, shuttering materials storage

• Cement & steel

• Bulk materials- sand, aggregates, M-sand, quarry dust, hollow blocks, bricks, stones

• Doors & Windows

• Flooring materials and wall tiles

• Painting materials

• Water proofing materials and admixtures

• Electrical & Plumbing materials

• Amenities like lift, play area materials

TOOLS & MACHINERY

 Concrete mixture machines

 Vibrators, Earth Rammers, Bar cutting machines

 Grinding, Chipping, drilling, demolishing tools

 Props and spans

 Shuttering sheets

 Scaffolding materials

 Lab Equipment

 Safety materials

 Vehicles

SCHEDULING   - Types of Schedules reqd.

• Drawings Schedule
• Material Schedule
• Staff Schedule
• Labour Schedule
• Special Sub-contractors Schedule
• Plant & Equipment Schedule
• Billing / Invoice Schedule
• Financial Schedules - Working capital, cash inflow and outflow, Direct and indirect costs

FINANCIAL PLANNING

• Preparation of BOQ

• Preparation of requirement of materials in the overall cycle of project

• Preparation of Budgets

• Cash flow throughout Project Cycle

CONSTRUCTION PROJECT QUALITY PLAN (PQP)

The Project Quality Plan (PQP) for construction work is a written plan which serves as the basis for the overall Project Quality Assurance System and identifies the Quality requirements, methods to achieve Project Quality objectives & continual improvements during the work execution.

PQP addresses the management of quality assurance activities such as the following:

1. Management Review Procedure

2. Internal & External Audit

3. Planning & Scheduling procedure

4. Project Progress Reporting Procedure

5. Pre-qualification Documents

6. Nonconformance Procedure/Control of Nonconformities

7. Document & Data Control procedure /Control of documents & data’s, receipts, correspondences, drawings, control of quality records.

8. Procurement Procedure

9. Material Control Procedure

10. Control of Inspection, Measurement & Testing Services

11. Laboratory & Sampling Procedure

12. Procedure for the Management of change

13. Corrective & Preventive Action Procedure

14. Design Measurement & Control Procedure

PQP is a structured document that outlines how you’ll handle quality on a particular construction project. Every Project needs  project quality control plan, organization quality manual, and standard operating procedures for effective Project management.

SAFETY PLAN

A construction safety plan is a document that outlines the procedures, rules, and regulations that are or will be put in place to protect workers over the course of a construction project. The document should not only focus on preventing accidents but also lay out responses to safety incidents, including rescue operations, emergency medical services, and post-incident review processes.

A construction safety plan should at a minimum include the following:

Responsibilities and chains of command: Who is primarily responsible for safety on the site? Who is responsible in their absence? Which members of the on-site team have completed first aid or other types of emergency response training?

Medical response: What medical services or devices are available on-site? How will emergency responders be contacted in the event of an injury, fire, or rescue?

Inspections: How and how often are safety inspections going to be carried out? Who will perform them?

Communication: How will safety protocols, procedures, and other information be communicated to workers? Who will conduct toolbox talks? What tasks will require a brief refresher any time a new employee is assigned to them?

Cleaning and organization: What regular housekeeping tasks are required? Who will be tasked with completing them and who is charged with ensuring that all equipment is properly stored after the work is completed or suspended for the day?

Safety gear: What PPE will be required for which tasks? How often must it be inspected or replaced?

Accident reporting: What are the post-accident procedures? How will incidents be documented?

Contractor management: How will contractor and contractor safety and training be ensured?

✡️ "If you fail to Plan - it is a Plan to fail"

USEFUL GUIDE TO CONSTRUCTION PLANNING

 CONSTRUCTION PLANNING

What is Planning?

Planning is the Process of formulating time based action for coordinating various activities and resources to achieve specific objectives.

Planning - 'What" is going to be done, 'How", 'Where', 'by Whom', and 'When'
                  

Construction Planning is the process of developing construction Project Plan.

Attributes for Construction Planning

• Decision making
• Information gathering
• Identifying / defining activities
• Creativity
• Flexibility
• Inter relationships

Construction Project Planning

1.Design & Drawings Plan

• Conceptual design - Preparing Conceptual sketches and Proposal Analysis
• Schematic design - Approval of Schematic drawings, Preparing cost projections
• Preparing detailed design & drawings, BOQ, specifications, revised cost projections, milestone compleetion schedule
• Preparing drawing schedules, shop drawings and specifications
• Organising the drawings

Preparing Specifications

• Qualitative requirements for the products, materials and workmanship upon which the design is based
• Description in words about the work to be done, the quality of materials and workmanship, the method of construction, the method of testing etc.
• Client's developed standards

2. Time Plan

Time Plan refers the Scheduling - the process of putting the project plan on a Calender time scale.

Benefits of Scheduling

• Schedule simplifies Plan with Barchart, useful in Planning, coordination, Execution and control.

• Schedule Validates time objectives and verifies the accomplishment of tasks on dates imposed for completion of project.

• Schedule aids in the optimization of resources employed and economical use of resources of men, materials and machinery

• Schedule enables forecasting of input resources and earned value in terms of investment, expenditure, output and income

• Scheduling brings out implications of time and resources constraints.

• Monitoring of Projects against the scheduled baseline

Types of Schedules

• Drawings Schedule
• Material Schedule
• Staff Schedule
• Labour Schedule
• Special Sub-contractors Schedule
• Plant & Equipment Schedule
• Invoice Schedule
• Financial Schedules - Working capital, cash inflow and outflow, Direct and indirect costs

3. Resources Plan

• Types of Resources (Labour, Materials and Equipment)
• Total quantities of each resource type
• Roles, responsibilities and skill-sets of all human resources
• Items, purposes and specifications of all equipment resource
• Items and quantities of material resource

A schedule is assembled for each type of resource so that the Project manager can assess the resource allocation of each stage in the projects.

4.Finance Plan

Similar to the Resource plan, a Financial Plan is prepared to identify the quantity of money required for each stage in the project. The total cost of labour, materials and equipment is quantified and an expense schedule is defined which provides the Project manager with an understanding of the forecast spending vs the actual spending throughout the project.

Preparing a detailed Financial Plan is extremely important as the project's success will depend on whether or not it is delivered within the time, cost and quality estimates for this project.

5.Quality assurance Plan

Meeting the quality expectations of the customer is critical to the success of the project. To ensure that the quality expectations are clearly defined and can resonably be achieved, a Quality Plan is documented. The Quality Plan:

• Defines what quality means in terms of the project
• Lists clear and unambiguous quality targets for each deliverable. each quality target provides a set of criteria and standards which must be achieved to meet the expectations of the customer.
• Outlines a plan of activities which will assure the customer that the quality targets will be met.
• Identifies the techniques used to control the actual level of quality of each deliverable as it is built.

Finally, it is important to review the quality not only of the deliverables produced by the project but also of the management processes which produce them.

A summary of each of the management processes undertaken during the execution phase is identified, including Time, Cost, Quality , Change, Risk, issue, procurement, Acceptance and Communication management.

6. Safety Plan

Prepare a detailed Safety Plan which involves every activity of the Project. The safety Plan includes:

• Personal Protective Equipments (PPE) required
• Barrication, safety nets, guard rails and Protective systems required
• Precautionary measured to be taken while each activity (eg. Earth work , Concreting)
• Safety staffs required to manage, based on the size and activities of the project
• House keeping requirements
• Essentials like Lighting, Fire safety
• Any special precaution to activities like electrical, scaffolding, people working in high places

Creating the safer environment to work will improve the success level of the project.

PROJECT PLANNING STEPS

• Define Scope of work, method statement and sequence of work
  
• Generate Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) to produce a complete list of activities
• Develop Organisational Breakdown Structure (OBS) and link it with WBS to identify responsibilities
• Determine relationship between activities
• Estimate activities time duration, cost expenditure and resource requirement
• Develop the Project network

FIVE LEVELS OF WBS

1. The entire project
2. Independent areas
3. Physically identifiable section fully contained in  level -2 - reflect construction strategy
4. Desciplines setup schedule
5. Master Schedule activities, quantity and duration

ACTIVITIES

• Function in the project that consumes time, resources and cost

• 3 types of activities
•  - Production Activity, Procurement Activity and Management Activity

A GOOD PROJECT PLAN

• Involves advance thinking as to what is to be done, what are the activities, how it is to be done, when it is to be done, where it is to be done, what is needed to do it and how to ensure that it is done.

• Provides the yardstick for measuring progress and evaluating resources performance

• Provide the basis for coordinating the efforts of clients, consultants, architects, designers, quantity surveyors, specialists, suppliers, contractors and the project staff

• Has build in flexibility in the form of floats, to navigate changes in the planned path for meeting fast changing environments

• Creates healthy environment and make people time, cost and quality conscious

Well conceived Project plan, developed before the commencement of project execution stage 

- making project successful in scope and profit.
- can go long way to  prevent project collapse due to various aspects

✡️ "If you fail to Plan - it is a Plan to fail"